Ferdinand victor kallab



NITE o STATES FERDINAND VICTOR KALLAB, OF OFFENBAOH, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OF K. OEHLER, OF SAME PLAOE.

PRODUCING FIGURES ON ANlLlN-BLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,499, dated November 20, 1894.

Application fileClNovember 24, 1893. Serial 110.491.8135. (N specimens.) Patented in France December 12, 1891,11'0- 218.013; in Italyd'anuary 29,1892, XXVI, 31,193.LXII. 321 in Spain April 8, 1892, No. 13,172; inNorWay April 8. 1892, No. 2,760;

in Belgium April 11,1892,N0. 99,184, and June 14,

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FERDINAND VICTOR KALLAB, chemist, residing at Offenbach-onthe-Main, Germany,have invented a new and 5 useful improvement in methods of producing white or colored figures on anilin-black on fabrics of wool, hair, or other animal substances or mixed fabrics, of which the following is a specification, and for which patents have been granted as follows, viz: in France, No. 218,0l3,datcd December 12,1891; in Italy, Vols. XXVI and LXII, Nos. 31,193 and 321,

dated January 29, 1892; in Great Britain, No.

7,638, dated April 22, 1892; in Norway, No. 2,760, dated April 8, 1892; in Spain, No. 13,172, dated April 8, 1892, and in Belgium, No. 99,184, dated April 11, 1892, and No. 100,119, dated June 14:, 1892.

My new process is the following: The goods consisting of wool, hairor other animalfibers or mixed fabrics containing either of such fibers are Well washed and treated while still moist, at the ordinary temperature for one half to one hour in a bath containing about from six per cent. (for printing) to ten per cent. (for plain black) of hypochlorite of lime and about from nine to fifteen per cent. muriatic acid of 34 Twaddle of the weight of the goods. By this treatment an oxidation is pro- 0 duced which is so feeble that the white of the wool is but little affected. After this oxidation the goods are well washed, dried and padded or printed with mixtures suitable for producing steam aniline black on cotton and 5 for producing discharging white or colored figures and are after that subjected to a steaming operation by which the simultaneous development of the black and the fixing of the discharging white or colors are effected. I 0 discharge the black for. the production of raised colored figures in asimilar way to that in use for calico printing (Prudhommes system) and I combine this discharge (enlevage) with the fixation of a greater variety of col- 5 ors than it would be possible to do on cotton. Example 1.Padding: Four hundred and five grams equal fourteen and onethird. ounces chlorhydratc of aniline or toluidine or a mixture of both. One hundred and fifty grams equal five and one-third ounces chlo- 1892, No. 100,119, and in England April 22, 1892, No. 7,638-

rate of soda. Two hundred and sixty grams equal nine and one-quarter ounces yellow prussiate of potash, are dissolved, each by itself, in as little water as possible, mixed and diluted with water to three thousand one hundred and fifty cubic centimeters, equal two and four-fifths pints of 1.096 density. A quantity of glycerine or sugar of about half the weight of the aniline salt added to this mixture produces a more intense black and the Wool remains softer. It is also of advantage to add some tartaric acid.

Example Printing: Eight hundred grams equal twenty-eight and onethird ounces leiogomme water 1:1. Two hundred grams equal seven and one-tenth ounces chlorhydrate of aniline or toluidine or of a mixture of both. Seventy-five grams equal two and two-thirds ounces chlorate of soda. One hundred and thirtygrams equal four and two-thirds ounces yellow prussiate of potash. Two hundred and sixty grams equal nine and one-fourth ounces water. Fortygrams equal one and four-tenths ounces tartaric acid.

Example 3.Discharging: Five hundred grams equal seventeen and three fourths ounces leiogomme water 1:1. Two hundred grams equal seven and one-tenth ounces acetate ofsoda. Two hundred grams equal seven and one-tenth ounces sulphocyanate of pot- 8o ash. Sixteen cubic centimeters of a solution of sulphurated blue violet 1:100.

Example 4.Discharging colors: Two hundred and fifty grams equal nine ounces water. Fifty grams equal one and three-fourths ounces benzol green or a corresponding quantity of one of the other under mentioned dye stuffs. Fifty grams equal one and threefourths ounces glycerine. Two hundred and fifty grams equal nine ounces leiogomme. 0 Four hundred grams equal fourteen and onefourth ounces acetate of soda.

By the term leiogomme is to be understood a kind of dextrine obtained by simply roasting potato starch. It is well known. as 5 a means for thickening dissolved or liquid dyes. The goods padded or printed are dried and the White or colored discharge is applied. The goods are then steamed for five to thirty advantage minutes and well washed. It is of to pass some colors through a weak acid bath for instance the alkaline blue,'acid green and other sulphonated dye stufis.

I do not confine myself to the use of chlorate of soda as equivalent quantities of the salts of potassium, ammonium or barium will serve as well; also the yellow prussiate of potash (respectively of soda or ammonium) can be replaced by the red prussiate or by a mixture of both and the chlorhydrate of aniline or toluidine by the nitrates. i

The concentration of the padding solution or of the printing color can be varied according to the intensity of the black wanted. The proportion of the aniline salt to the oxidizing agents and that of the glycerine or sugar and tartaric acid is also variable.

Most of the artificial dye stuffs and the substantive natural dye stuffs are suitable as discharging or pattern colors, but those requiring m'ordants like alizarine, are less suitable. For mixed goods containing vegetable fibers I use basic dyes and the dyes of the Congo group alone or combined with acid dye stuffs. By reversing the order of operations the discharge serves as reserve.

Although I give the preference to the preparing process by the mixture of hypochlorite of lime and muriatic acid,I do not exclude the following modifications: muriatic acid and hypochlorite of lime, separately, cold or warm at'176 Fahrenheit; sulphuric acid and hypochlorite of lime separately or mixed in a bath,cold or warm,at 176 Fahrenheit; cold watery solution of chlorine. Mixtures devel oping hypochlorous acid instead of chlorine for instance the hypochlorite of lime and acetic acid, render the wool very yellow and can only be used for plain goods; and besides hypochlorite of lime, other hypochlorites also and other oxidizing agents, for'instance permanganate of potash or mixtures of chromic acid and hydrogen dioxide may serve as well. I would prefer the latter, using it at the temperature of 86 Fahrenheit in a concentrated solution of about three per cent. and neutralized with ammonium until it gives a slight alkaline reaction.

This process yields a new efiect and opens a prospect for a new kind of manufacture, viz: beautiful discharging colors on wool and mixed goods containing wool with a ground of steam aniline black which doesnot become green.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- The process herein described of producing white or colored figures on aniline black on fabrics of Wool, hair or other animal substances or mixed fabrics containing such substances, consisting in first subjecting the goods to such a feeble oxidation that the white of the wool is but little affected, second padding or printing them with mixtures suitable for producing steam aniline blackon cotton and for producing discharging white or colors, and finally subjecting them to a steaming operation bywhich the developing of the black and the fixing of the discharge colors are simultaneously effected.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FERDINAND VICTOR KALLAB.

Witnesses:

PAUL WALCH, JEAN GRUND. 

